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There鈥檚 a long-held belief that people drink alcohol in excess to drown their sorrows. But into mood and drinking has found the opposite is also true.

Using data from 69 studies (12,394 people in total) in the US, Canada, France and Australia, all of which employed surveys to assess mood and drinking levels, the researchers found no evidence that people drank more on days when they felt down. Rather surprisingly, however, people tended to drink 鈥� and drink heavily 鈥� on days when they were in a good mood.

The authors found that participants were between 6% and 28% more likely to drink on days they were in a good mood, and 17%-23% more likely to binge drink (having more than four or five drinks within a few hours) on these days.

These findings suggest that, contrary to popular belief, we may actually be more likely to drink in excess when we鈥檙e happy than when we鈥檙e feeling down. So, what explains this phenomenon? In , we have identified several possible factors.

鈥楧esire thinking鈥�

Drinking is associated with a thought process called 鈥溾��. This is a way of thinking that鈥檚 geared towards anticipating positive outcomes from certain experiences, based on the associations we have with that experience.

Before we drink, we tend to have an expectation of it based on past experiences 鈥� such as how the alcohol will taste, the feeling of being intoxicated, or the idea that alcohol will make us more interesting. We may also have positive memories from other times we drank. If so, the next time we think about having a drink, we may immediately default to thinking of it in a positive light.

This can then lead to 鈥溾��, where we remind ourselves of the reasons for drinking 鈥� such as because you did well at work, or because the weather鈥檚 nice. Both this and desire thinking can combine to maintain positive mood and expectations 鈥� intensifying the cravings for alcohol.

Adding another layer of positivity to the mix, our research has also found that people tend to hold what we call positive 鈥溾�� regarding the usefulness of desire thinking.

In other words, when desire thinking makes us crave alcohol by reminding us of all the good things that come with drinking, we鈥檙e likely to trust that positive thought and see it as a good thing. Thinking positively about the positive experiences we鈥檙e about to have may increase our motivation to drink more.

The downside to this potent cocktail of positive thoughts and feelings is that it appears to be incredibly hard to control and resist. For example, there鈥檚 evidence that positive beliefs can make us feel like we鈥檙e .

Taking control

In our clinical research with and various , we have found that being able to control the way we think about things 鈥� whether that thinking is positive or negative 鈥� is key to behavioural change and a balanced state of mind.

However, to take control of the way you think about something, you first need to become aware of your extended thought patterns. The better you become at 鈥渢hinking about your thinking鈥�, the easier it is to control both your positive and negative thoughts.

Let鈥檚 say this thought pops into your mind: 鈥淚 am feeling good 鈥� I deserve to drink this weekend.鈥� Instead of thinking more about this, choose to leave the thought alone 鈥� a technique called 鈥溾��. It鈥檚 also worth reminding yourself that it鈥檚 difficult to if you think about it a lot.

Try to think of the positive and negative thoughts you have as similar to receiving a text message. We don鈥檛 always have control over whether the message we receive is good or bad, but we do have complete control over whether we choose to respond to it or not. This will help to show you that you have control over your desire thinking 鈥� and therefore your drinking choices.

Positive mood has also been implicated in other addictive behaviours, such as , , and . This tells us that positive mood may not be the pathway to a healthy body and mind, as we might believe.

Instead, what may be important is the ability to be flexible in the way we think and behave around positive and negative moods 鈥� and in particular, knowing that we can always make choices in how we behave, regardless of our patterns of thinking.

, Reader in Psychology, Psychotherapy and Counselling, and , Professor of Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology,

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